超精密加工中研抛分布力测量方法的探讨

在研磨盘的不同位置打深盲孔,近于贯穿,仅留下薄薄一圆形平膜片,作为抛光法向压力的敏感元件。此圆平膜片半径,厚度由位移敏感元件灵敏度及抛光所容许的外扰（对实际工作状态影响足够小）决定。在此孔中安置光纤位移传感器测量圆平膜片的变形位移,就可解算出抛光时研磨盘的局部压力。信号调制后通过多路遥测装置或电刷滑环等集流器将信号引出。     

双激盘理论及其在轴流式弯掠动叶栅气动计算中的应用

轴流式弯掠动叶栅对主气流作用有一个不容忽视的径向分力。为此本文提出“双激盘理论”及相应的一套计算方法, 其中包括阻力系数及出口气流角值沿径分布的修正, 用来进行低速低负荷轴流式弯掠(即必须计及叶片径向分力影响的)风扇的设计和性能估计。用一个弯掠动叶和一个非弯掠动叶的风扇进行验证性试验, 结果表明:计算与实测值吻合甚好。      

Investigation on the interface damage in drilling low-stiffness CFRP/Ti stacks

Carbon fiber reinforced plastic and titanium alloy (CFRP/Ti) stacks have been widely used as aerospace structures because of their excellent combination of physical properties. Interface damage caused by interface gaps, significantly different from that of metal/metal stacks, is a common problem in the through-hole drilling of CFRP/Ti stacks with low stiffness. In this study, a force–deformation coupling model was developed to further examine the formation mechanism and the control method of interface damage. Firstly, the coupling model was built considering the interaction between the thrust force and the deformation. To solve this model, a numerical method was proposed in which specific cutting coefficients were calibrated using only the thrust force of rigid stacks. Secondly, drilling experiments were performed with different feed rates and bending stiffness. Experimental results indicate that interface damage mainly includes interlayer chips and surface damage of CFRP layers. The surface damage, which is irreparable, is caused by the rotary extension of metal chips along the interlayer gap. Thirdly, variations of the interface gap were calculated with the coupling model that had been verified by measured thrust forces. The damage area was found to have a linear dependence relation with the interlayer gap. However, in conditions of large gap sizes, the interface damage areas increased with the interlayer gap at high feed rates, while decreasing slightly at low feed rates. This phenomenon was satisfactorily explained by the presented model. Finally, a method was proposed to determine the appropriate pressure exceeding which no interlayer damage will occur. Additional drilling experiments proved the method effective. This study leads to further understanding of the forming mechanism of interlayer damage and of selecting appropriate parameters in drilling low-stiffness composite/metal stacks.     

基于栈结构的浮点型数据表达式求值算法

表达式求值是程序设计语言编译中的一个基本问题，任何程序设计语言都涉及到了表达式求值的功能，对于按常规输入即中缀表达式输入格式的表达式求值问题不但要进行整型数据的运算，而且更重要的是浮点型数据的运算。     

永磁同步伺服电动机的分析

本文首先讨论了气隙磁场、电势、电流波形不同的永磁同步伺服电动机的电磁转矩,并进行了理论和实验分析。结果表明,与变换器联合运行的方波电机具有用材省、出力大、控制简单、优于正弦电机的特点。同时,又指出方波电机具有同有刷直流电机完全一样的电势、转矩表达式和控制特性。文中还讨论了方波电机的结构参数(包括气隙磁场分布的波顶宽、每极每相槽数和电势电流间的相位差)对电磁转矩的影响,为该电机的优化设计提供了依据。最后,为进一步提高性能,使之具有线性的控制特性和大的过载能力,文中提出了一种电枢反应小的不对称转子磁路结构的方波电机。样机实验表明,设计合理,效果好。     

Design and experimental performance verification of a thermal property test-bed for lunar drilling exploration

Chinese Chang'e lunar exploration project aims to collect and return subsurface lunar soil samples at a minimum penetration depth of 2 m in 2017. However, in contrast to those on the Earth, automated drilling and sampling missions on the Moon raise the risk of burning bits.Test-beds are required for testing the thermal properties of drill tools in a lunar environment. In this paper, a novel temperature measuring method based on thermocouples and a slip ring was proposed. Furthermore, a data acquisition system for a drilling process was designed. A vacuous,cryogenic, and anhydrous soil environment simulating the lunar surface was established. A drilling test-bed that can reach a depth of 2.2 m was developed. A control strategy based on online monitoring signals was proposed to improve the drilling performance. Vacuum and non-vacuum experiments were performed to test the temperature rising effect on drill tools. When compared with the non-vacuum experiment, the vacuum temperature rise resulted in a 12 °C increase. These experimental results provide significant support for Chinese lunar exploration missions.     

碳纤维增强复合材料铣削和钻孔技术研究进展

碳纤维增强复合材料(特别是碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料和碳/碳复合材料)具有比强度和比模量高、耐高温、抗腐蚀等特点,被广泛应用于航空航天等领域.由于碳纤维增强复合材料硬度高、脆性大、层间剪切强度低等特点,使其在加工中容易出现毛刺、分层、撕裂等加工缺陷,并且刀具磨损快、耐用度低.针对碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料和碳/碳复合材料的加工问题,从铣削和钻削两个方面讨论了加工参数、加工刀具、切削力预测以及超声振动钻孔和螺旋铣孔等方面的技术,总结了目前提高碳纤维增强复合材料加工质量的工艺方法.     

TiAlN 涂层钻头钻削钛合金的实验研究

采用Ti Al N涂层硬质合金麻花钻对钛合金(TC4)进行钻削试验,研究了切削用量对轴向力、加工孔壁表面粗糙度和切屑形态的影响。结果表明:轴向力随着进给量的增加而增加,轴向力随着转速的增加而减小。运用指数公式模型对轴向力实验结果进行回归分析,得到轴向力与转速以及进给量之间的关系式,并对该方程进行了检验验证误差均小于7%;随着进给量的增加断屑能力逐渐增加,切屑长度逐渐变短。在低转速和进给量为50 mm/min时切屑形态为短螺旋形切屑,此时排屑和孔壁粗糙度均为最佳。     

计算机生成航空兵力的模型设计与实现

以航空兵力为研究对象，着重研究空中计算机生成兵力（ＣＧＦ）的模型设计及实现技术。并对构造航空兵ＣＧＦ系统的意义进行了分析，叙述了含有虚拟（ＶＲ）技术失工交互仿真实验系统的系统结构和分系统组成成分。同时还分析了ＣＧＦ系统中智能数字飞机的模型特点，重点介绍了动力学建模方法以及编队模型匠建立及编队飞行能力的实现方法，构造出来的计算机生成航空兵力在实验系统中性能良好，满足总体要求。     

Shape control of spacecraft formation using a virtual spring-damper mesh

This paper derives a distance-based formation control method to maintain the desired formation shape for spacecraft in a gravitational potential field. The method is an analogy of a vir-tual spring-damper mesh. Spacecraft are connected virtually by spring-damper pairs. Convergence analysis is performed using the energy method. Approximate expressions for the distance errors and control accelerations at steady state are derived by using algebraic graph representations and results of graph rigidity. Analytical results indicate that if the underlying graph of the mesh is rigid, the convergence to a static shape is assured, and higher formation control precision can be achieved by increasing the elastic coefficient without increasing the control accelerations. A numerical exam-ple of spacecraft formation in low Earth orbit confirms the theoretical analysis and shows that the desired formation shape can be well achieved using the presented method, whereas the orientation of the formation can be kept pointing to the center of the Earth by the gravity gradient. The method is decentralized, and uses only relative measurement information. Constructing a distributed virtual structure in space can be the general application area. The proposed method can serve as an active shape control law for the spacecraft formations using propellantless internal forces.